It seems to me Humphrey makes a fundamental error from the beginning. He thinks that the solution to our problem has to be in the form of an equation, mind = brain, rather than in a causal account. Why should we make this assumption? There are lots of explanations in science and philosophy that are not in the form of equations. In fact, equations are rather rare in biology. Think of the germ theory of disease or the theory of evolution. What we are interested in, in these cases, are causal mechanisms, not equations. What causes disease symptoms? What is the causal account of the evolution of human and animal species from simpler forms of life? And now, what causes consciousness?

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